Tugas Softskill 3

Possessive, Gerund, Infinitive, Affirmative and Negatif Agreement 

1.     Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something. While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship than ownership.

The possessive adjectives in English are as follows:

Subject	Possessive Adjective
I	My
You	Your
He	His
She	Her
It	Its
We	Our
You (pl)	Your
They	Their

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns include my, mine, our, ours, its, his, her, hers, their, theirs, your, yours, whose, and one's - all words that demonstrate ownership.

Number	Person	Personal Pronoun			Number	Person	Possessive Adjective
		Subjective	Object.	Possessive
Singular	1st	I	me	mine	Singular or Plural	1st	my
	2nd	you	you	yours		2nd	your
	3rd	she, he, it	her, him, it	hers, his, its		3rd	her, his, its
Plural	1st	we	us	ours		1st	our
	2nd	you	you	yours		2nd	your
	3rd	they	them	theirs		3rd	their

Examples of Possessive Pronoun	Examples of Possessive Adjective
·         Mine is the biggest one. ·         The city is mine.	·         My house is the biggest one. ·         The city is my hometown.
·         Yours was sent yesterday. ·         Yours were sent yesterday. ·         Today is yours.	·         Your letter was sent yesterday. ·         Your letters were sent yesterday. ·         Today is your day.
·         Hers is beautiful. ·         It is not his. ·         I like his.	·         Her skirt is beautiful. ·         It is not his car. ·         I like his car. ·         That puppy wagged its tail.
·         Ours is on the table. ·         That is ours. ·         They found ours.	·         Our key is on the table. ·         That is our class. ·         They found our key.
·         Theirs are the official rules. ·         Some of the good books are theirs.	·         Their rules are the official rules. ·         Some are their own.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. They either end in –self, as in the singular form, or –selves as in the plural form.

	reflexive pronoun
singular	myself yourself himself, herself, itself
plural	ourselves yourselves themselves

Examples of Reflexive Pronouns :

I saw myself in the mirror.

Why do you blame yourself?

John sent himself a copy.

Mary sent herself a copy.

My dog hurt itself.

We blame ourselves.

Can you help yourselves?

They cannot look afterthemselves.

 

2.     Gerund

a. as the subject of the sentence:

·         Eating people is wrong.

·         Hunting tigers is dangerous.

·         Flying makes me nervous.

b. as the complement of the verb 'to be':

·         One of his duties is attending meetings.

·         The hardest thing about learning English is understanding the gerund.

·         One of life's pleasures is having breakfast in bed.

c. after prepositions. The gerund must be used when a verb comes after a preposition:

·         Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?

·         She is good at painting.

·         They're keen on windsurfing.

·         She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road.

·         We arrived in Madrid after driving all night.

·         My father decided against postponing his trip to Hungary.

 

3.   Infinitive

Recognize an infinitive when you see one.

To sneeze, to smash, to cry, to shriek, to jump, to dunk, to read, to eat, to slurp—all of these are infinitives. An infinitive will almost always begin with to followed by the simple form of the verb, like this:

to + verb = infinitive

Examples of infinitive :

Infinitive sebagai kata benda (noun)
- To say is easy but to do is difficult.
- To understand English is not an easy job.
- To dry an ocean is nonsense.
Infinitive sebagai kata sifat (adjective)
 
 
 sebagai kata keterangan (adverb)
 

4.      Affirmative and Negative Agreement

SUBJECT+

Be+

…+

AND+

SO+

BE+

S

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT

They were surprised and so were we.

SUBJECT+

V

…+

AND+

SO+

DO+

S

My wife talked to him about it and so did I.

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT

SUBJECT+

MODAL+VERB WORD HAVE+PARTICIPLE DO+VERB WORD BE NOT+ ING FORM

+AND+

NEITHER+

MODAL HAVE DO BE

+S

My roommate won’t go, and neither will I
My roommate hasn’t gone, and neither have I
My roommate doesn’t go, and neither do I
My roommate isn’t going and neither am I.

SUBJECT+

MODAL+VERB WORD HAVE+PARTICIPLE DO+VERB WORD BE NOT+ ING FORM

+AND+

SUBJECT+

MODAL HAVE DO BE

+EITHER

My roommate won't go and I won’t either. 
My roommate hasn't gone and I haven’t either.
My roommate doesn’t go and I don’t either.
My roommate isn’t going and I’m not either.

Sumber :

- See more at: http://www.english4dummies.com/affirmative-_negative_agreement_-_imperatives.html#sthash.NkRzG7Nv.dpuf

- http://www.google.com

- http://www.wikipedia.org